Foreigners Changing China 1850-1980 Free Essay Example, 1500 words

This argument is compelling, but it should be firmly stated that it should not downplay race and eliminate it as a factor to be considered alongside British imperialism in Asia. To focus entirely on economics regarding the imperialist question would be paramount to focusing entirely on race. In thinking about imperialism in Asia, one cannot ignore the ideology of the imperialist oppressor, whose racist behavior was predicated by their belief in their own cultural superiority. To say that there was nothing racist about the Opium Wars is to deny the essentiality of reality. Some say that the second Opium War, which ultimately resulted in the defeat of the Chinese military by a much smaller foreign force, sowed the seeds of discord in China to the extent that imperialism became the main force. â€Å"The defeat of its military by a much smaller Western army showed the weakness of the Qing Dynasty and began a new age of imperialism in China. Domestically, this, coupled with the flight of the emperor and the burning of the Old Summer Palace, greatly damaged the Qings prestige leading many within China to begin questioning the governments effectiveness† (China, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Foreigners Changing China 1850-1980 or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This shows continuing advocacy in the society in the present, and a supposed alignment on these issues between the state and society which are highlighted in Chinese propaganda to this day, which features themes of anti-imperialism and still rails against the evils of opium addiction. Politics are also impacted, as mentioned above, by imperialism in Chinese civil society. In this system, when the British colonialist power ostensibly leaves, often the very same rules are left behind to be picked up by newer nationalist movements in places like China, especially with the weakened Qing emperor. The arrested development of the sovereign Asian nation soon becomes replaced by an imperialist-placed society in which the European colonizer seeks to mirror its home institutions in the new land, ignoring those of the defeated nation. This is then replaced by the neo-imperialist nation which seeks again to mirror the European colonizer (in this case England) in terms of ostensibly self sufficient economic policy. â€Å"Europeans presented themselves to colonial peoples (as they did to their fellow citizens) as the bearers of science, rationality and progress, and the enemies of religion, superstition and backwardness. The image of imperialism as a progressive project was widely persuasive in its time, not only to the great majority of Europeans, but also to many subjects.

Sexism And Its Effects On Women - 1736 Words

From the beginning of time, sexism has always been the prominent barrier between both sexes. Men always having the upper way while women were treated less equally. According to Dictionary.com, sexism is discrimination or devaluation based on a person s sex or gender, as in restricted job opportunities, especially such discrimination directed against women. People see this in movies, books, and even in school. Young and mature females have never been given the opportunities that men are given because they are taught this from a young age. It is so important that we teach all kids the importance of equality; that everyone should be given the same opportunity no matter their gender. Unfortunately, sexism has influenced the way girls are given their education. School is such a fragile place for girls; from the way they dress to the way they are taught. It is important that we recognize the way young females are being taught so that we can help them get the equal rights they deserve. From the time kids are placed into school, they are taught sexism without even knowing it is being taught. From the first day a child starts school, their minds are so fragile. Their teacher is one of the most influential people in their life, their job is to teach and mold the child into the person they will grow up to be. A lot of the worksheets that teachers give their students are focused around the idea that gender is socially and historically constructed; meaning that society has this ideaShow MoreRelatedSexism And Racism : Racism And Prejudice Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesSexism vs Racism Discrimination and prejudice have both been a major problem in our society since the idea of gender and race contacted our brains. Everyone hopes that humankind will change and treat everyone equally and fairly, but this still has yet to happen. Mankind is still treating people as minorities without a second thought. Women are still stereotyped as being too feminine for a â€Å"man’s job†, such as construction or military forces. As well as, men being considered to manly to be ableRead MoreObjectification Of Women And Women1462 Words   |  6 Pages Objectification of women works with benevolent sexism to further oppress women in the media through its effects on self-esteem and well-being. Rollero’s (2013) article â€Å"Men and women facing objectification: The effects of media models on well-being, self-esteem and ambivalent sexism† examines media representations of men and women and how they are related to levels of sexism and psychological well-be ing. The literature on objectification has mostly indicated the connection between viewing objectifiedRead MoreThe Compassionate Sexist, By Ivona Hideg And D. Lance Ferris Examined Benevolent Sexism Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesJournal of Personality and Social Psychology titled The Compassionate Sexist? How Benevolent Sexism Promotes and Undermines Gender Equality in the Workplace by Ivona Hideg and D. Lance Ferris examined benevolent sexism in the workplace. Benevolent sexism appears to promote gender equality, but it actually undermines it by contributing to gender segregation in the workplace. It contributes to keeping women in positions in which they are underrepresented, and keeps them from moving up to male dominantRead MoreGender Discrimination And Its Effects On Children s Behavior And Personality1508 Words   |  7 Pagesin the learning environment. This is because schools are teaching sexism in classes through textbooks that do not give historical female figures enoug h credit for their accomplishments, dress codes that punish girls for their body’s at the risk of the male education, and gender stereotypes placed in schools that have a strong influence on children s behavior and personality. Some may argue against this claim by arguing that women are not given credibility in history books because of their treatmentRead MoreWomen Should Stay At Home996 Words   |  4 Pagesanti-sexism movement. As a woman and a feminist, these ads really caught my attention and urged me to learn more. Both men and women have endured many conflicts due to sexism; movements such as the UN Women and the #EndAllSexism are some of the proof that people are still fighting and that sexism still exists in today’s society. In the UN Women ad, there is a black haired, white female’s face with the google search engine covering her mouth. Typed in the search engine are two words, â€Å"women should†Read MoreRacism And Racism Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities between sexism and racism. Sexism occurs when a person’s gender or sex is used as the basis for discriminating. Females are more susceptible to sexism although males are also susceptible. Sexual harassment and rape are examples of extreme cases of sexism. Racism occurs when people of a particular race or ethnicity are discriminated against or made to feel inferior. The primary outcome of the paper after comparison is to determine most dehumanizing act between racism and sexism. The first similarityRead MoreThemes Of Hidden Figures Directed By Theodore Melfi995 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of racism and sexism in America during the 1960’s. These themes expresses Theodore Melfi’s intention of this film is displaying that sexism and racism is hard to abolish. Melfi uses visual and verbal features of dialogue, costume and symbolism to contribute to the director’s intention. A verbal feature Melfi uses to show the themes of sexism and racism is dialogue. This use of this verbal feature helps establish Theodore Melfi’s true intention for this film that sexism and racism is hard toRead MoreA visit from the goon squad925 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Sexism has been an ongoing issue since man has existed. Some have learned to accept and live with it while others simply will not accept it. Sexism fits into two different types of categories: Benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. In the novel A Visit from the Goon Squad, by Jennifer Egan, many of the characters are sexist towards women.Lou portrays both benevolent and hostile sexism while Bennie tends to portray hostile sexism only. Throughout the novel, Lou goes backRead MoreSexism, Prejudice, And Discrimination On The Basis Of Sex1610 Words   |  7 PagesSexism is the prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination on the basis of sex. Sexism is regarded mostly towards women. Sexism affects everyone but not effecting everyone evenly. For women, they suffer from sexism socially, educational, political, religious, social, etc. The idea of sexism is that the men have more power than the women. Women get judged differently than men do. Women get judged in the workplace which limits them to certain jobs. The stereotypes that women are under are unbelievableRead MoreEssay about Sexism in American Culture 1224 Words   |  5 Pagescomplaining about what females in their lives require. Though women slowly gain economic power, the media never represents them as leaders thus reflecting American culture’s view of women. Sexism prevails in American culture and workforce, teaching sexism while denying its presence. Americans must shift their culture to impede sexism because it oppresses women. Media, one of the most influential reflections of culture, under represents women and displays them in stereotypical positions. Paula Lobo and

Diana †Cover Up or Accident Free Essays

Example of a Persuasive Speech : Diana Diana – Cover up or Accident? There are many conspiracy theories surrounding the death of the beloved Princess Diana. I would firstly like to say that these are not my opinions but facts and quotations that I have found in books or on the Internet. Since the Princess’ death in 1997, there was immediate pressure from the public towards the Royal family, and towards MI6. We will write a custom essay sample on Diana – Cover Up or Accident? or any similar topic only for you Order Now [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]The first conspiracy theory is that the death was faked. The story goes that fed up with the constant intrusion into her private life by the media, Diana, aided by the resources of lover Dodi, staged a spectacular ‘death’, in a hope that she could retreat to a life of privacy. A plan that went horribly wrong, leading to her death. But would this idea be possible? My view: No. Diana was famous all over the world. In this day and age it would not have been possible to avoid the press – Diana and Dodi would have known this all too well. Also, she loved her sons. In this plan she would have had to leave them. To me this theory is not what happened The second conspiracy theory is that of the evidence – one that stands out in particular for me. A) Bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones still lives, but testimony from Mercedes auto experts says that it would have been almost impossible for anyone to have survived a crash in the tunnel in a car going at 121 mph. Maybe, as driver Henri Paul’s lawyers claim, the car was not going that fast. Maybe the crash was faked by the army-trained Rees-Jones who had previously deposited Diana and Dodi elsewhere. My view: Highly unlikely. If the bodyguard was to set up the accident, why be in the car at all? If he had set up the accident I am sure he would have set up an excuse/alibi to not be in the vehicle. And as is commonly known now, he was the only one wearing a seatbelt – the fact that this saved his life seems most likely to me. B) Dodi’s usual driver was not used. Mystery still surrounds Henri Paul, the security officer, who stepped in at the last minute to drive the Mercedes S-280. It took a full two days for his name to be revealed, for instance. Co-workers at the Ritz Hotel say he kept himself to himself and never socialised with them. One version of this conspiracy has it that Paul simply did not exist, another that he was quickly whisked away from the hospital after being declared dead by doctors in cahoots with the Al Fayed family. My view: We know for a fact that the drivers were changed, but there is no solid evidence to say why. Also, surely the Al Fayed family had more than one driver. If I was them I would want to know the person driving me in my car. Wouldn’t you? Now finally from the evidence: C) Just six hours before she died Diana let slip to Daily Mail reporter Richard Kray that she was about to withdraw completely from public life. My view: A funny one – but is the reporter just looking for a cheap story or has he got the proof? The truth is still unknown. The final conspiracy is the most popularly believed. That the British MI6 killed her. Some say that she was the target; some say that it was Dodi. Here’s the evidence: Rogue elements in the British Secret Service decide that Diana is a threat to the throne, and therefore the stability of the state. They take her out. As for Dodi, business enemies of Dodi and his father Mohammed Al Fayed assassinate Dodi, with the death of Diana; a magnificent cover for their peration. My views are exactly that, and you should make up your own minds. But there is a mountain of evidence to say that The Lady Diana’s death was no accident. Either way, the people of Britain have demanded answers for ten years now – after coming close, then having all the evidence stolen! Will we ever find out? My final view on this is, that as long as the people respons ible don’t want us to, then no, we will never find out the truth. Getting Civil I am against the government sanctioning same-sex marriages. Am I intolerant? Am I homophobic? Am I part of a fundamentalist religious sect of some sort? What if I tell you that I am against the government sanctioning marriages between a man and a woman as well? Am I against marriage? Am I an anarchist? Am I insane? Actually, I believe I have the sanest solution to the whole marriage debate and I don’t hear anyone talking about it. My solution is to leave marriage where it belongs – in religious and private institutions. What business is it of the government to sanction relationships between consenting adults? Why is it up to the government to define what a marriage is? Why should the government be involved in promoting or discouraging particular types of relationships? We are a free country so why is it up to the government to tell us how we, the citizens, can define our relationships and which ones are acceptable in their eyes and which ones are not? My contention is that unless relationships chosen by consenting adults of their own free will endanger other individuals, the government has no business sanctioning them or preventing them. Am I saying that the government has no role in personal relationships? Well, not exactly. Legal arrangements are necessary for the purpose of expeditiously dividing property and providing for custody of any children resulting from a relationship if the relationship ends. Through legal arrangements, the rights of all involved can be protected. That’s why I believe that all legal partnerships between two people who have committed to each other should all be civil unions in the eyes of the government. Whether these relationships are called marriages or not is up to religious institutions and the individuals themselves. pic][pic][pic]I have a friend who is a lesbian. The woman she loves is Dutch and they got married last summer in Holland where it is legal. I saw the pictures. They were happy, joyful. Their families and friends attended the ceremony and support them in their commitment to each other. They have a house together. They have jobs and pay taxes. They participate in civic activities. They are enjoying life, liberty and the pursuit of happi ness. But what if their families did not support their choice and their commitment to each other? If something were to happen to one of them, either a life threatening illness or even death, by law, the family could prevent the partner from being involved in making decisions for her loved one’s care or even the arrangements for a funeral. Unless prior arrangements were made, the benefits of being a legal couple would not apply to these two committed partners who make every bit as much of a contribution to society as any heterosexual married couple does. I have a friend who has two children with her partner. If their partnership were to dissolve, it is possible that the woman who actually gave birth to the children could bar the other woman, the woman that the children have always known as their mother from having any contact with them. The non-birth mother would have no rights. Are the children’s rights protected here? Some people argue that allowing same-sex couples to have civil unions would result in an undue financial burden on society, primarily because of the benefits that currently apply to married couples that would now have to be extended to same-sex couples. So are we trying to prevent people from having equal rights to save a few bucks? To me, that’s like saying we should not have allowed women the vote because it would increase the cost of elections. Some people are concerned that allowing same-sex couples the legal rights of a civil union would require religious institutions to marry them. There would be no such requirements. Churches and other religious institutions would be free to exercise their beliefs and traditions as they have always been. Two people who love each other should be able to commit to each other and be protected by law in the relationship and in the case that the relationship ends. Any children who are the result of the relationship should have their rights protected as well. In my opinion, all people who want to have legal recognition of their committed status should have the option of a civil union and that all people joined in a civil union should have equal rights regardless of their gender. Whether a name is given to that union beyond the legal one should be up to religious institutions and the individuals themselves, not the government. How to cite Diana – Cover Up or Accident?, Papers

Acetylcholine Effects in Central Nervous System-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Acetylcholine effects in Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system. Answer Acetylcholine, which is the most widely known and spread neurotransmitter, was invented in 1914 by Hallett Dale and the existence later confirmed by Otto Loewi. Acetylcholine is a chemical message that aids in the transmission of signals throughout the nerve synapse and can be found both in the central nervous systems and the peripheral systems. Neurotransmitters are the known messengers of the brain and have their origin from within the body. They carry messages from a neuron to another. Cholinergic neurons are neurons which use acetylcholine in the transmission of signals and such neurons use synapses as the communication path(Kumar 2015, p. 615). Acetylcholine in the Peripheral nervous system Acetylcholine acts as neurotransmitter found at the junction of the neuro muscles found between the skeletal muscles and the motor nerve. Here it acts as an effective stimulant of the movement of the muscles. The receptors of acetylcholine on the muscles accept acetylcholine thereby causing a contraction in the skeletal muscles. In the combination of acetylcholine receptors with acetylcholine, the gated ligand sodium fees found in the cell membrane is unlocked thereby resulting in the contraction of the skeletal muscles(Robertson 2014, p. 715). The unlocked sodium ions then move into the cell of the muscle triggering movements that end up generating tightening of the muscles. Acetylcholine receptors are also responsible for the relaxation of the muscles of the heart(Schmidt-Nielsen 2013, p. 547). In as much as acetylcholine triggering the tightening of skeletal muscles, its operation is through a diverse receptor form for example muscarinic thereby hampering the tightening of the strands of the cardiac muscles. This prevents contraction of the muscles of the heart and instead promotes relaxation. Acetylcholine in the Central Nervous System Acetylcholine is found in interneurons in the central nervous system in both green and orange cell clusters. It is also found to be existing in cholinergic pathways with long axons. Acetylcholine has effects on learning and short-term memory for the central nervous system. It achieves this through synaptic plasticity which is the ability of acetylcholine to change the connection strength of neurons(Kumar 2015, p. 301). It is also worth noting the cholinoceptive projection derived from the Meynert basalis nucleus found in the forebrain neocortex and the linked structures of the limb. Most of the subcortical areas are innerved by neurons from the Ponto-mesencephalic(Koutsilieri 2010, p. 198). Acetylcholine is tasked with the increase in the sensitivity of the sensors when the body is awakened and in cases of sustained awareness. It has been considered to as one of the essential inducers of the rapid movement of the eyes or REM when sleeping. In summary, acetylcholine which is commonly abbreviated as Ach serves very important roles both in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. Ach is classified as one of the numerous neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system. Acetylcholine is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the whole autonomic ganglia. References Koutsilieri, E 2010, Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Integrative Approach, 4th edn, Springer, London. Kumar, S 2015, Recent Trends in the Acetylcholinesterase System, 3rd edn, IOS Press, Oxford. Robertson, D 2014, Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, 5th edn, Academic Press, London. Root, WS 2013, The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System Drugs, 4th edn, Elsevier, New York. Schmidt-Nielsen, K 2013, Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment, 3rd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

History Of Papermaking Essays - Papermaking, Pulp, Paper Machine

History of Papermaking HISTORY OF PAPERMAKING Papermaking goes as far back as 105 A.D. when Ts'ai Lun, an official at the Imperial Court of China, made a sheet of paper using mulberry and other fibres along with fish nets, rags and hemp waste. The first paper was made in 793 A.D. in Baghdad during Harun-ar-Raschid's rule, with the golden age of Islamic culture that brought papermaking to Europe. By the 14th century paper mills existed all over Europe, particularly in Spain, Italy, France and Germany. During the 1450's paper printing(by machines) was introduced and the demand for paper increased all over the world. Papermaking remained unchanged till the 18th century, with linen and cotton rags used for raw materials. This soon presented a shortage, since no more rags and linen were available and it is was apparent that a process for utilizing a more abundant material was required. IMPROVEMENTS IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSES In 1800 a book was published which stated practical methods for manufacturing paper from wood and vegetable pulps. Soon many publishing processes were developed and the paper industry no longer had to depend on rags and linen and this made mass production possible. There were two main kinds of pulping processes used in the 18th century and they were, mechanical or groundwood pulping and chemical pulping. Mechanical pulping contains certain wood components and therefore, it is not suitable for paper in which high whiteness and permanence are required. Mechanical pulp was first made in Germany in the 1840's, but was not used much until 1870. Chemical wood pulp is used when high whiteness, strength and permanence are required. VAT SIZING: A sheet of paper composed of cellulosic fibres is water absorbent. Thus, aqueous liquids will penetrate it and spread in it. Impregnation of the paper with various substances that require this wetting and penetration is called vat sizing. During the 18th century paper sheets were impregnated with animal glue which was an expensive and tedious process. In 1807 Moritz Friedrich Illig of Germany discovered paper that could be sized in vats with rosin and alum, but his methods were not commonly used till 1840. INTRODUCTION OF MACHINERY Before the paper machine was invented, paper was made by hand one at a time. In 1798, a Frenchman named Nicolas-Louis Robert invented a moving screen belt that would receive a continuous flow of stock and give an unbroken sheet of paper to a pair of squeeze rolls. The invention was not really used much, but two Englishmen, the Fourdrinier brothers, improved on Robert's idea and built a better version in 1807. From these crude beginnings modern papermaking machines were developed. Although modern creations and engineering have formed and ancient craft into a technical industry, the basic procedures remain the same. These procedures are as follows: (A) A suspension of cellulosic fibres is prepared by beating it in water so that the fibres are completely separated and saturated with the water. (B) The paper stock is filtered on a woven screen to form a matted sheet of fibre. (C) The wet sheet is then pressed and compacted to squeeze out the water. (D) The remaining water is removed by evaporation. (E) The dry paper sheet is then compressed and impregnated if needed.

Happy Friendship Day Quotes

Happy Friendship Day Quotes Whatever your age, don’t feel embarrassed to wish your best friends, Happy Friendship Day. It does not matter whether you are 16 or 60. Friendship Day is a celebration of a relationship that has been nurtured over the years. Everybody needs a friend. Recall your fondest memories: the time you shared a laugh with friends in the school cafeteria. Or the time you whispered your darkest secrets to your friend, after making her take a solemn oath of secrecy. When is Friendship Day? Every year International Friendship Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August. However, according to UN resolution A/65/L.72, passed on April 27, 2011, International Friendship Day has been shifted to July 30. Therefore, instead of celebrating Friendship Day on the first Sunday of August every year, we will now celebrate it on a fixed date: July 30. But friendships are forever, right? How can a change of date diminish the bond? If you believe in a ceremonial celebration of friendship, what better occasion than Friendship Day to reconnect with old ties, patch up differences, and make new friends? Make the most of Friendship Day by acknowledging your true friends. Raise a glass to honor those who stuck to you through thick and thin. Gift your best friends a memorable day, filled with fun, games, and laughter. Quotes for Friendship Day Reach out to distant friends, and strike a chord with some friendship quotes. Geographical boundaries melt away when friends get together. Have you lost touch with some of your best friends? Get in touch with them through popular social networking sites. Say, Happy Friendship Day! to your friends. James BoswellA companion loves some agreeable qualities, which a man may possess, but a friend loves the man himself.Eustace BudgellFriendship is a strong and habitual inclination in two persons to promote the good and happiness of one another.CiceroFriendship makes prosperity more brilliant, and lightens adversity by dividing and sharing it.Charles Caleb ColtonTrue friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it be lostRalph Waldo EmersonEvery man passes his life in the search after friendship.Ralph Waldo EmersonA friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of nature.EpicurusWe do not so much need the help of our friends as the confidence of their help in need.Thomas HuxleyFriendship involves man things but, above all the power of going outside oneself and appreciating what is noble and loving in another.Lois L. KaufmanPlant a seed of friendship; reap a bouquet of happiness.John EvelynFriendship is the golden thread that ties the heart of all the world. Baltasar GracianFriendship multiplies the good of life and divides the evil.Dag HammarskjoldFriendship needs no words.Henry David ThoreauThe most I can do for my friend is simply to be his friend. I have no wealth to bestow on him. If he knows that I am happy in loving him, he will want no other reward. Is not friendship divine in this?James Fennimore Cooper Friendship that flows from the heart cannot be frozen by adversity, as the water that flows from the spring cannot congeal in winter.James Francis ByrnesFriendship without self-interest is one of the rare and beautiful things in life.

Journalism, mass media and communication. Worksheet Essay

Journalism, mass media and communication. Worksheet - Essay Example Firstly, he examines the structural patterns of the publishing industry, where he argues that the present circumstances affecting the industry are major challenges that only require public commissioning to solve. Current challenges affecting the industry include online and digital technologies, whereby more and more young people are embracing online technologies. He also discusses the effect of in-depth research in the industry, which can help in revitalizing the industry to be able to meet current challenges (Hind and Stern-Weiner). Article 2: The second article is about a conversation with John Scher, the Co-CEO of a concert and live event promotion company based in the New York City: the Metropolitan Entertainment. Scher examines the various changes in the concert business, as he compares the present day business environment with four decades ago. He also examines challenges in concert promotion business, and points out the impact of having big publicly traded companies do concert promotion. The problem of the lack of young big acts is also a worrying trend in concert music, considering that those that rise to fame only do so for a short period. The need for a transformation in concert music is eminent for the concert promotion business to be successful (Hind and Stern-Weiner 3). Article3: The third article is entitled: Copyright and the Commodification of culture. The author explores the copyright institution in-depth, examining it as the institution that governs producing, distributing and the consumption of information and culture. He achieves this by firstly exploring the origin of copyright in relation to the rise of capitalism together with the printing press. He also examines the growth of the culture industry and how it used copyright to develop and maintain market dominance. Another important issue discussed is on processes of legislation, litigation, encryption as well as market penetration relate to the growth and development of internet distribut ion of movies and music (Karr 2). 2. what questions would you ask the author (at least 2 questions) To the first author on the influence of power to publicity, I would ask the author what impact does he think in-depth research focused on general readership would have on the falling sales of books? The other question is with regard to his: Considering where the publishing is currently and the challenges, where do you see the industry in the next ten years? There are questions as well for the other author on the piece of music. What do you think has contributed to the lack of young big acts? Considering the challenges facing concert events and live event promotions what recommendations would you give to bring back the business to its glory? 3.Do you agree with the main premise of the reading? Why or why not?What evidence or personal experience would you offer to? Article 1: Yes, I agree with the main premise of the reading. From my personal experience with online books and articles, I believe that book publishing is under severe pressure and that innovative strategies are needed to renew the industry (Hind and Stern-Weiner 4). Article 2: With regard to the second article on music, however, I do not agree with the interviewee’s argument that the reason concert promoters are not having as many shows as they used to have in the past is because of the lack of big acts. I believe there are big acts and very promising young artists in the market. My argument is that the problem is with the promoters such as John Scher, who have been surpassed by the current times. They need to adopt to the changes in the music industry and start

Introduction to political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to political science - Essay Example Therefore it is the relation of production that helps in shaping the different political systems that exist in the world. (Bottomore, 1991). Democracy means an effective consent of the governed. Liberalism means respect for the individual being. Again democracy means â€Å"location of a state’s power, that is, in the hands of the people, whereas ‘liberal’ refers to the limitation of the state’s power†. A â€Å"liberal democracy is a political system in which the people make the basic political decisions, but in which there are limitations on what decisions they can make†. (Watson, 1999, p.3). It can thus be said that liberalism in its modern form is basically a system in which an individual can use the state power according to the wish of the majority. It can also be said that liberalism tends to take the form of tyranny which involves the rule of one for his or her personal interest. And here lies the paradox of liberal democracy. It becomes very difficult to fit Marx among the nineteenth century democrats. It has also been found that democracy gained comparatively little from Ma rxism; instead it suffered a great deal from Marx and his followers. Democracy may mean a lot of things. It may mean belief in a particular form of government, that is a government formed by the majority and a government which constitutes representative institutions. It may also mean a certain idea about the particular forms of the government. But neither of these definitions allows Marxism to penetrate through Democracy. As belief in government by consent is not in line with the view of historical progress which states that the progress was a product of the class war which had taken place influenced by Marxism. Therefore it is natural that Marxist theories have been used as an argument to negate the theories of liberal democracy. But it cannot be said that Marx was completely anti-democratic. Yet democracy can acquire yet a

The theme of three pomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The theme of three pomes - Essay Example The three poems selected to elaborate the theme of Bridget Keating Red ceilings are â€Å"When I was a Child†, â€Å"How to Make Peace with Yourself† and â€Å"Frogs†. The basic theme of all the three poems is the study and observation of human behaviors. The behaviors described by Bridget Keating are quite diverse and cover the happiness, sorrow, myths and dark shades of human nature. The poem â€Å"When I was a Child† describes the memories of the past and Keating tried to remember the old good days during the present days of darkness. The poem â€Å"How to Make Peace with Yourself† is focused on finding the peaceful place after bearing and observing the behaviors of individuals crossed by the way to peaceful place. In the third and the last poem â€Å"Frogs† the lady learned from the behaviors and movements of the frogs that how to survive together even in the tough situation and despite of even more tough situation than that of the lady, the frogs still strived to survive together. A brief overview of all three poems to elaborate the theme of the Bridget Keating book Red Ceiling is described in the remaining part of the paper. In the Poem â€Å"When I was a Child† Bridget Keating elaborated the memories of her past days and remembers the golden days when she was a child. She Said â€Å"I swam in the Slope Coulee† (Keating 1) refers to the spring water or waterfall where she swam during her golden days. She felt the depth of the water and moved with the flow of water and remembered the natural light, inhaled seeds and under water flowers. She remembers the beauty of nature and felt a snake against her bare feet while moving with the flow of water while touching the moist. She describes the beautiful feelings of life, which she had in the past. She also misses the presence of an old lady may be her mother and the old lady’s attitude and behavior,

Nestle Marketing Practices in Africa

Nestle Marketing Practices in Africa The main aim of this assessment is much focused on the critiques and the strategies of the Nestle marketing practices in Africa in the past. The marketing strategies pursued by Nestle in markets in the developing Global Market are also analysed. The discussion towards the ethical concerns raised by these Marketing strategies. The Incorporative Study of the international ban and the evidence on compliance based on Nestle is been performed on a wide range of research with the influence of the reports available from various sources. The analysis of Consumer boycott towards Nestle products  and its impact over the past with relevance to the Africa incident. The study will also greatly focus towards the Nestle boycott- Nestle practices over the free samples to hospitals and kids in poor countries like Africa, we will also emphasize and analyse their critiques due to these practices. Objectives The main ailment of this assessment are been nailed towards the strategy study of the Consumer Boycott Nestle over the incident of Africa. The Global business strategy and the criticism of Nestle are been greatly focused through which we are able to analyse on a wider perspective for descripting the clear picture of various crisis. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices on a general perspective. The conclusion will there by effectively hold a hand for providing the better influence of the better marketing strategy based on Nestle on a general perspective. Focus of Study The focus of this study are been greatly emphasized on the learning strategies towards the marketing practices of Nestle and also their implementation of new products in the underdeveloped and the developed country thus leading to the global strategy. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices The study will emphasize the better marketing practices. the project guidelines, you will still be expected to demonstrate  knowledge and understanding of a wide range of economic and analytical skills that apply to the study of international business, and more specifically in your case, of theoretical marketing issues as they have been deployed in the Nestle Boycott case study. Brief Introduction and History of Nestle The Nestle has been established and founded in Switzerland around 1866 by Heinrich Nestle the base of the business was identity of the Milk food products. The major concentration of the business where been nailed towards the infants further they look forward and established their business in the developing countries. The Nestle has started their marketing practices in the Africa since late 1980s and Nestle have improved their marketing strategy and the promotion in to their practices of day to day life where they have tend to widen their opportunities in improvising their marketing strategy throughout the Africa. The Nestle concentration is completely been focused towards the Food products. The Nestle food manufacturing products include coffee and other dairy products. The Nestle established nearly 27 factories in and around Africa more over the 11500 employees have been engaged for the manufacturing unit, Nestle also included 50000 suppliers in to their integration of supply chain u nits. The food quality and the social improvements are the two main core principles of the Nestle in emphasizing their business and the marketing practices. The Promotion activity is the act which has experienced them in the Africa in making a improvement in the Baby milk powder over the Africa. The social frame work and the manufacturing of high quality products have been frame worked in Nestle principles. The developments are been much sustainable in Nestles case where the initiatives of their business practices have been expanded over the regions of Europe as well. The major initiatives of the Nestle have been implemented over the developed countries for better integration and the development of the business. The Nestle established the Milk districts wherever they have established their business ensuring their quality also concerning their Global strategy and the development of the business (Boycott Nestle, 2010). Examination of the marketing strategies pursued by Nestle in markets in the developing Global Market The Global strategy of the Nestle has been despite unsuccessful The Nestle had major failures in the Africa due to their promotional products of Nestle towards the Infants. The Nestle had faced major challenges in the 1990s due to major products which they launched and in efficient marketing strategies. The environment of the western nations has been increased with in a challenge around the Africa due to the large scale manufacturing on a supplier chain discounts and the promotional offers. The price valuation has been applied drastically on the several products of Nestle in making their successful products around the Europe and other developed markets. The competition exist around the African region for several products and in the regions of Europe this has really influenced the Nestle to compete the competitors in a high level so they have decided to op for the promotional strategy towards the infants products in Africa. [Source: Boycott Nestle and other action to protect infant health, (2010) [online] (cited 5th December 2010) Available from ] The Nestle has always focused on the Developing and the underdeveloped countries recently they have targeted the China and the India for making their business since the previous estimated population for the China on 2010 is 700 million and also targeting on the incoming levels they have been several opportunity to create in the large markets. The Nestle has Worldwide for several key brands The overall brands of the company has been reached over 8500 in that only few has been registered to business in those countries. The Nestle has established their network with the warehouses and they have wide spread the opportunity for more good supply with the developing markets. The marketing practices and the strategies of Nestle always faces the challenge in the African regions especially recently they have faced a major challenge in the Nigeria due to the polluted water and also on top of it they have the challenging hygienic conditions for their environment (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008). The research and the development operation have been specialized with in the Nestle over the years since they have been specialized and concentrating more on commercializing their food stuffs and innovation has been touched everywhere in their marketing practices and in terms of their food products as well. The SBUs have been concerned with the managers and the region in terms of perceiving their long term development with respect to the projects and technology (Cowe and Roger, 1999). Brief Analysis and Discussion towards the ethical concerns raised by these Marketing strategies Nestle boycott- Nestle has made several practices in issuing the free samples to hospitals and the infants in the poor countries like Africa and the other regions of Africa ,The real intention of the issuing with the free samples is to promote their products based on which they want the customers to get habituated with the products so that they will have a good business over the regions with the infants and other products. In some cases the people have been influenced and often forced to consume the products. In some cases they have been sold the products out of compulsion for the infants. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products often nestle milk powder this was been the key measure for the Nestle in leading to further disaster.The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing th e further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market though Nestle should have considered themselves to make the effective ease of marketing practices for the better improvement of their business with the infant products.The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. There are several people who are unaware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy. The thorough critique of Nestlà ©s marketing strategy for baby milk powder in the developing world.  This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market, based on Nestle- boycott (Rapoport, 1994).    Incorporative Study of the international ban and the evidence on compliance based on Nestle The major evidence of compliance has been addressed in Africa due to the marketing practices of the milk powder issued in the Africa. The Africa being a underdeveloped and known for its poverty, Nestle have concentrated on the Infant milk products where they have addressed the parents having less breastfeeding habits more over they have not having sufficient nutrition for their infants hence they have promoted the milk products which will give the nutrition for the infants based on regular usage. The people are not aware about the ratio on which they need to mix the infant milk products although hey have promoted the products on behalf of Nestle they have failed to instruct the people as they have been known as the illiterates un aware of the usage towards the milk products though they have been instruction available in English. The actual scenario of the Nestle Milk powder is that needed to be mixed in water the worst case of the Africa is that they fail to have the availability of pure water rather they have the contaminated water all around including the ground water. This is very common that the poor countries often have the failures in the clean water supply and also availability of the non-adulterated food (Sillivan, 1998). The milk product from the Nestle has been feeded to the infants has been practiced with the contaminated water although the milk also become contaminated further been consumed by the infants where they have been severely affected with many incurable diseases and often leading to death etc. The children who has consumed it has been leaded towards the serious diseases. This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. The many mothers are also un-aware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products only with the hospital for a free basis. Once they have decided to leave the hospital the issuing of milk powder were been stopped to provide free whereas on the other hand the supplements has been already started working with the children the family continues to buy the formula again this has been a reason for heavy Un ethical practices of nestle or even termed to be the un ethical strategy of nestle. The IBFAN accused nestle for offering the sponsorships and gifts to the health workers for promoting the nestle milk powder (Monroe, 1999). Analysis of Consumer boycott towards Nestle products  and its impact After the incident of the Nestle Boycott Incident in the Africa based on the Milk powder they have finally met their protestors since they have decided to modify their business practices in four main perspectives. The restriction were included with the distribution of the free samples. The Nestle labels were been identified and being the benefit of the breastfeeding and later they have been the emphasized for the bottle feeding. The promises of the hospitals and relevance towards their product and code were aided with the codes of world health organization (WHO). The infant formulaes were been agreed to promote in the markets based on the professionals with proper training and related to the terms of policy in the specified environment. the Infant milk products where they have addressed the parents having less breastfeeding habits more over they have not having sufficient nutrition for their infants hence they have promoted the milk products which will give the nutrition for the infa nts based on regular usage. The people are not aware about the ratio on which they need to mix the infant milk products although they have promoted the products on behalf of Nestle they have failed to instruct the people as they have been known as the illiterates un aware of the usage towards the milk products though they have been instruction available in English. The actual scenario of the Nestle Milk powder is that needed to be mixed in water the worst case of the Africa is that they fail to have the availability of pure water rather they have the contaminated water all around including the ground water. This is very common that the poor countries often have the failures in the clean water supply and also availability of the non-adulterated food (Kline, 2005). The milk product from the Nestle has been feeded to the infants has been practiced with the contaminated water although the milk also become contaminated further been consumed by the infants where they have been severely affected with many incurable diseases and often leading to death etc. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The Nestle has done these promotional practices of infant products. The children who has consumed it has been leaded towards the serious diseases. This marketing strategy of nestle indeed faced many criticisms and ethical concerns as a serious concern and the regular addressing of these issues in Africa and other regions the Nestle has been prolonged with a Ban on the infant products and other major goods supply. The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. The many mothers are also un-aware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages (Kline, 2005). The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market. The Breast feeding is often being known to be the safest way in order to build the strength and aid the infants with the essential nutrients, it is the best way for proving the nutrition where it aids the protection them from bacteria and other infection. This has been an often crucial stage emphasizing their development. The well replacement known method for the replacement with the bottle feeding more over they tend to carry in engaging the greater risks over the contaminated water practiced for the infants towards feeding and risk of avoiding the sterilizing equipment. The breast milk often known as the substitutes and same kind of products which includes fruit juices. The infant cereals being a major promotion with advertisements in order to attract the infants (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008).   Recommendation The IBFAN has decided to Ban Nestle for their irrelevant marketing strategies this kind of strategies and more authority should be concerned for monitoring the kind of activities ensuring the health and safety. The well trained professions are needed to be trained in an effective manner is much crucial for emphasizing the best of marketing strategies ensuring the safety for the people and also improvising the sales of the products in the market. The Nestle Boycott has often being engaged in the promotion activity with the hospitals, more often the promotion should be based on the peoples interest and also based on their training basis so that many issues can be highly prevented. The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market. The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leadin g to the criticism. The Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The yield of the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices Alternatively after all the bans they have been more successful understanding the nature of the place and condition. Conclusion In order to conclude as we have discussed the marketing strategies and the business practices of Nestle has been under several issues addressed though they have been initialized with their marketing plans. The marketing practices of Nestle and also their implementation of new products in the underdeveloped and the developed country thus leading to the global strategy. The IBFAN accused nestle for offering the sponsorships and gifts to the health workers for promoting the nestle milk powder this was been the key measure for the Nestle in leading to further disaster.The campaigns were conducted against nestle for preventing the further promotion and to stop delivering the marketing practices of Nestle in the market though Nestle should have considered themselves to make the effective ease of marketing practices for the better improvement of their business with the infant products.The failure in instructing the people with the sanitation methods for preparing the bottles was also being a major reason in death of many infants and leading to the criticism. There are several people who are unaware with the exact method of the steps in preparing the milk using the Milk product from nestle as the failure in providing the preparation procedures were not given in the regional languages. The IBFAN criticized nestle for distributing the free samples of milk powder to hospitals and maternity wards in many countries like Africa and other developing countries. The progression of the research there by will be further discussed in order to provide a robust recommendation which may yield the marketing strategy aid the strength and prevent the ruin of various problems in the marketing practices Alternatively after all the bans they have been more successful understanding the nature of the place and condition for which they have been adapted in promotion and manufacturing of the products based on the requirements.

Contrasting Settings in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: comparison compare contrast essays

Contrasting Settings in A Midsummer Night's Dream      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night's Dream† offers a wonderful contrast in human mentality.   Shakespeare provides insight into man's conflict with the rational versus the emotional characteristics of our behavior through his settings. The rational, logical side is represented by Athens, with its flourishing government and society.   The wilder emotional side is represented by the fairy woods.   Here things do not make sense, and mystical magic takes the place of human logic.   Every impulse may be acted upon without a forethought to there outcome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The city of Athens represents the epitome of civilized man.   Ruled by the laws of man and kept in check by society's own norms.   The human struggle to suppress its unrestrained and irrational tendencies, still being undertaken today, discourages the ‘civilized' man from making rash and foolish actions. Thus every action should have a sound and logical purpose, based on the social norms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play, Egeus, the father of Hermia, has thoughtfully chosen what he considers an acceptable mate to wed his daughter.   Egeus most likely based his decision on economic, political, and social factors in his choosing of Demetrius.   He is making a reasonable decision based on Hermia's future in their society.   Unfortunately Hermia is smitten by Lysander and vice versa.   Although her father may have made his decision with every good intension, keeping with the traditional customs of his day, and even perhaps taking into consideration such things as attractiveness, he failed to foresee the desires of his daughter. The young Lysander, who like most young men, cares little for the rules of society, is willing to break tradition and flee Athens to obtain Hermia. Therefore they must leave the rational Athens to enjoy their irrational love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theseus, the king of Athens, is the highest symbol of law and order in his kingdom.   After winning a war with another kingdom, he chooses to marry their queen, Hippolyta.   His decision may very well have been inspired by love, but the political ramifications of their marriage is a more plausible rationale. In fact Theseus' apparent love for Hippolyta seems almost as an added reward to an already beneficial partnership. Whether any attraction was there or not probably would not have made a difference.   As king, Theseus must place the kingdom before his own feelings.   It simply comes with the position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short Athens represents the desire to suppress feelings and impulses and to make decisions based on logic.   Thus it does not give the power of raw emotion the true respect it requires, for man is both emotional and rational.

How the Town of Maycomb Strongly Demonstrates Social Iniquity Essay

People can be unfair, unjust, and downright cruel. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, there is a good demonstration by the members of Maycomb’s society of the theme of social iniquity that has very strong supporting evidence towards this opinion. Many different acts are shown to price the county of Maycomb is biased and unfair to its members. It proves things are not as they seem considering the fact that the county of Maycomb is a very proper and ‘classy’ group of people, to some extent. But, as many people read, they notice there are hidden things involved in this ‘not so proper’ place. People in Maycomb are biased towards others based on their colour, job, age, gender, age or family. In more than one way are people discriminated and treated differently due to these aspects of them. Examples that are shown in the novel of social inequity the difference in treatment from a white man compared to a black man, the missionary circle or the different age groups in Maycomb. In the county, there are a group of ladies that like to get together and ‘talk’ about situations that go on in Maycomb and get each other’s input on each of the situations that are brought up. They like to call themselves the missionary circle. Some people think that this group is just a group built to gossip. â€Å"I heard Mrs. Grace Merriweather giving her report in the living room on the equalled lives of the mrunas, it sounded to me. They put the women out in huts when their time came, whatever that was; they had no sense of family- I knew that’d distress Aunty.† (Lee, 121). This quote is simply just an example of what the missionary circle talks about. They find different topics and news about the county and gather around at different locations to talk about it, acting as if they are a club. They all have  different opinions, sometimes belittling different figures or characters in the novel. Some of the opinions given from the members reflect upon other members opinions of situations or characters making some opinions bias. Some of the things said by the missionary circle’s members can be untrue. Since the characters or figures that are being spoken about are not there to defend or give their point of view, this makes the judgement unfair. â€Å"I tell you there are some good but misguided people in the town. Good but misguided.† (124). This quote is in reference to Atticus. Some people could say this quote has a significant impact on this novel because it opens the discussion of the group up to different people in the town and the judgement, sometimes false, that they get from people. Everyone has their own opinions of others, sometimes their opinion is part of someone else’s. The missionary circle’s members are socially high in the rankings from the opinions of others. They tend to be the ‘popular’ group in Maycomb which is why Alexandra wanted to join the group in the first place. The members of the missionary circle consider themselves fine upstanding Christian women of Maycomb. The missionary circle talks about different people in Maycomb and where they are ranked in the social standards to their perspective. The black people of Maycomb tend to be a topic the group talks about and most of the rest of the county. In the novel, people tend to make it seem as though black people are treated very poorly compared to white people. White people think they are better than them and consider it a crime if a black man beats a white man in any way shape or form. This is when Tom Robinson comes into play. He is a huge aspect of the book. He is put into trial for supposedly raping Mayella Ewell. When the court date comes, the information gathered from both sides point to Tom as being innocent. Many people suspect Mr. Bob Ewell was the man that beat Mayella for coming to a black man. Evidence suggest that Tom Robinson only losses his case because of his colour. Even in the courtroom, people are divided by their colour and class. The black people of the crowd have to sit on the balcony while the white folk sit on the floor. This is  discrimination against the black race. They are treated differently than the white people because of false and prejudice judgement and opinions of others. â€Å"A white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white man always wins.†(Lee, 243) This quote is a significant piece of evidence that represents the injustice and biased treatment against black people in Maycomb. This can also demonstrate the fact of how Maycomb tends to be bias towards characteristics of people or families that are out of their control such as age, gender, wealth, race or even your family. Everything the people in Maycomb are is based upon these factors that are out of their control. Atticus tells Scout â€Å"It’s not okay to hate anybody.† (pg. 246). This quote is significant because Atticus is trying to tell Scout that you can’t not like anyone for no reason. He is telling her not to judge a book by its cover. He could be suggesting giving everyone a chance before you give them a negative judgement. In a way, Atticus is trying to navigate Scout away from the common disease in Maycomb of false judgement unlike the rest of Maycomb. Not many people see how they are unfair to each other but it tends to stand out to Atticus which is why he tries to treat people fairly. Atticus also tries teaching Jem and Scout to be respectful to elders and the adults in Maycomb. There are different cases for different people that are older that the kids don’t understand and Atticus is trying to make them appreciate them without telling them their situations. In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, the role of adults is huge. When Scout first goes to school, her first teacher, Mrs. Caroline Fisher, doesn’t know the customs of the county so she   assumes something about the Cunningham’s family. She doesn’t know that the Cunningham’s don’t take anything they couldn’t pay back so it seemed as though she got offended when Walter didn’t take the quarter. Everyone in the class knows what the Cunningham’s are like so when this happens, the class reacted surprised. Mrs. Fisher did not show an act of false judgement which shows that things change in Maycomb. Over time, people begin to look at different situations a bias way due to the perspectives of others. She also  doesn’t like the fact that Scout can read. It seems as though she was discouraged by a child’s knowledge and didn’t know how to react towards it. â€Å"Jem and I hated her. If she was on the porch when we passed, we would be raked by her wrathful gaze, subjected to ruthless interrogation regarding our behavior, and given a melancholy prediction on what we would amount to when we grew up, which was always nothing.† (Lee, 13). This quote shows the false judgement on Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose on the children. Most of the adults in Maycomb do not fully respect Jem and Scout. This is because of their age; something they cannot control. People treat them differently based on this because nobody stands up for them except themselves. The adults have no reason to follow along in someone else’s footsteps in this aspect because no one is making the footsteps for anyone to follow in. â€Å"Stephanie Crawford even told me once she woke up in the middle of the night and found him looking in the window at her. I said what did you do, Stephanie, move over in the bed and make room for him? That shut her up a while.† (48). The meaning of this quote could be interpreted many different ways. Mrs. Maudie is saying this about Boo Radley. He is a very mysterious man. Many people in the town have made false accusations about him, not knowing who he truly is, not even what he looks like. Boo is considered a complete outcast to Maycomb. It is as though he doesn’t exist. People don’t even put the initiative to get to know Boo Radley because if they did, they would be considered weird. Mrs. Maudie is, in a way, sticking up for Boo because she doesn’t believe in false judgement. This is Mrs. Maudie showing the opposite of what most adults in Maycomb. People in Maycomb tend to follow other people. This is when a movement happens. The movement in the novel, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is social iniquity because of the decisions made upon the citizens in Maycomb. In a way, the missionary circle is a group of people looking for followers in order to continue their ‘club’ and stream of gossip. People in Maycomb discriminate different people due to their race. This is why black man is considered to be less than a white man in Maycomb’s social standards. It is a cruel judgement which is why everyone should be given a fair chance before they are given a label. People also judge people by their age. All of these  discriminating factors are things you cannot control. It is downright cruel and unfair. Social inequity is something quite simple that should be fixed. Many crucial factors in the novel end up being decided by discrimination. Most people in Maycomb don’t want to break the trend of discrimination and start a new movement by standing up for what is right. It could be very easy to fix. Why carry it on? There isn’t a point. People just end up being punished or judged due to these factors which isn’t right. People shouldn’t be judged on aspects of themselves that they can’t control. Don’t be a follower, be a leader.

The Reality of Chinas Growth

The Reality of Chinas Growth China’s continuous double digit economic growth may not be sustainable in the long term. The Chinese economy has consistently posted high growth figures even as the rest of the major world economy giants undergo recession. Though probable, such a trend is unlikely to last long and will likely stall in the near future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Reality of China’s Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the reasons postulated for the eventual decline in the Chinese economic growth is that the Chinese economy is highly dependent on foreign demand. Although many Chinese officials try to downplay this interconnectedness with other world economies, the evidence is clear (Breslin 1180). Chinese officials go as far as to manipulate international trade figures in order to downplay the emerging fact that, the projected growth may be partly a function of manipulated figures. At the beginning of t his year (2011), analysts and critics reported that some Chinese officials had the figures in copper trade altered in order to inflate the import numbers. Furthermore, as the European and American economies struggle with the mounting debt and perpetual economic crises, China, on the other hand, as the biggest foreign exchange holder of American and European debt, is bound to be drawn into the arising economic uncertainties. Another reason that analysts believe that the sustained growth of the Chinese economy is impossible is because it defies basic economic growth cycle patterns. Cycles of economic boom and recession are inevitable in any economy. The reason why the Chinese people have been able to experience the continuous and sustained growth is that, the Chinese government intervenes to cushion its markets from recession. The heavy presence of government in nearly all spheres of the economy also paints a negative picture of the Chinese economy and its long-term prognosis. The Chinese economy is also heavily industrial and manufacture oriented, pointing to an unwieldy economy that needs to adapt and be nimble in order to survive an uncertain future.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, although the Chinese are famed for their entrepreneurial spirit, the policies of the Chinese government sometimes stifle the enterprising pursuits of the Chinese. Many dynamic businesses and firms that mushroom are sometimes quickly ‘swallowed’ or muscled out of business by the major firms that may enjoy the support of the state. Such practices tend to erode the spirit of entrepreneurship in the long term. China also has a huge labor force that sometimes poses a challenge to the government (Shuanglin and Song 2254). Ingeniously, the Chinese government absorbs the mass labor force into the huge and expanding Chinese service industry, w ith many hotels employing as many workers as possible. Many of these laborers are usually workers from other sectors of the economy that may have collapsed previously. Therefore, in conclusion, the continued high growth rate of the Chinese thriftiness is unsustainable in the end. The sustained growth, as has been discussed, is more a function of government policy and interference than a result of exclusive market dynamics at play. Inevitably, the Chinese economy will soon experience recession that is common to all economies. To what extent the government can cushion its citizens when this happens is an open question. However, in the end, the Chinese are better of preparing for such an eventuality than denying it. The economic stability of China is tied to its political stability, and when the markets eventually experience a recession, many analysts believe that political instability may ensue, and such an occurrence would unnecessarily erode the decades of political and economic p rogress. Breslin, Shaun. The politics of Chinese trade and the Asian financial crises: questioning the wisdom of export-led growth. Third World Quarterly 20.6 (1999): 1179-1199.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Reality of China’s Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shuanglin, Lin, and Shunfeng Song. Urban Economic Growth in China: Theory and Evidence. Urban Studies 39.12 (2002): 2251-2266.

Hitchcock essays

Hitchcock essays Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho (staring Janet Leigh and Anthony Perkins) is one of the most influential films in motion picture history. Hitchcock uses cinematography, dialogue, costumes and lighting, as well as many other film techniques to thrill the audience and keep them on the edge of their seats from the beginning of the film to the very end. These scenes we have just viewed are a typical example of Hitchcocks great ability to tell a story in a horrific way and haunt the viewers for a long time after their experience with the thrilling movie. He is able to get into the audiences minds and scare them into never wanting to have another shower again. Hitchcocks highly developed cinematography skills make a large contribution to the horrific atmosphere which is present throughout the film. At the start of the film, the camera slowly pans over the city of Phoenix and selects Marion and Sams hotel room. This gives a feeling of randomness and also power, because Hitchcock could have picked any room in the entire city, and he picked this one. If he had chosen to enter any other building, we would never have known Marions story. Chance plays a major role in this film. If we did not enter Marions hotel room, we would never have heard her story, if they didnt need to pay off debts, she wouldnt have stolen the money and if she hadnt stolen the money, she wouldnt have been murdered. This randomness is also displayed later on in the film when Norman reaches for the key to Marions room, and then moves his hand back before selecting the key to cabin number 1. As the camera enters the room, the blinds narrowly conceal the interior, which sets a secretive and scandalous atmosphere. Many close ups and low angle shots are used in the movie, including in this excerpt. Once inside the hotel room, the camera zooms in on Marion and Sam, showing how close they are and almost justifying t...

The Changing Global Econ FIANL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Changing Global Econ FIANL - Essay Example The main features of globalization include liberalization, specialization of trade and exchange, increased connectivity, multi-dimensionality and top-down process. Liberalization Globalization is characterized by liberalization; liberalization is the freedom granted to businesspeople and industrialist to establish industries and carry out trading activities within the boundaries of their own countries or abroad. Liberalization involves free exchange of capital, goods, services, and technological advancements between countries and regions. Globalization guarantees increased trans-boundary cultural exchanges resulting from free flow of immigration, more differentiated products, tourism, and economic integration. Specialization of trade and exchange Specialization is the basic way through which trade works to improve people’s lives. International trade takes place because one country can produce what another country cannot produce. Prior to globalization, cross-border business wa s limited because most of the national economies were self-contained entities separated from one another by barriers to international trade and investments. Globalization has enhanced cross border business opportunities and enabled firms to sell what they can produce and buy those commodities they do not have the capacity to produce. Regional and international organizations have been formed to oversee the seamless trade among countries across the world. Member countries have to follow the guidelines provided. Trade and exchange has allowed countries, multinational companies, small companies, large scale and small scale producers to gain economically and small Increased Connectivity Globalization makes it possible for various localities to be connected with the rest of the world through removal of barriers to connectivity. This is achieved through the role of globalization of breaking national boundaries and enhancing the links between one community and another. Globalization creates proper links between countries through international transmission of information, literature, culture, technology, and knowledge. The space age device, the internet, has enhanced communication and knowledge exchange among people from different locations in the world instantly. It has also permitted people to understand the various cultures in the world, making it easy to interact and do business together. Multi-dimensional Process A multi-dimensionality approach to globalization implies that the concept can be looked at from three dimensions: economical, political, cultural, and ideological. Globalization in economic terms means opening up of global markets by enhancing free trade and commerce among countries of the world. Politically, globalization means decentralization of power and functions of state, which grants more rights and freedoms to people through empowerment of the private sector. In cultural terms, globalization refers to the exchange of cultural values among various societies and nations of the world. Ideologically, globalization is the spread of liberalism and capitalism. Top-down Process Globalization origintates from the industrialized world and Multinational Corporations, and spans to less industrialized countries. Technologies, capital, goods, and services are manufactured in industrialized countries and sold to the developing world. It is the responsibility

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one Research Paper

I dont have topic on mind you can choose an easy one - Research Paper Example Plagiarism is a prevalent but disturbing subject in academic societies all over the world. Many students today plagiarize past papers as well as various research papers when writing their research papers or assignments.  There are even websites that have been established to deal with the sheer need of students for people to help them in locating sources for their academic assignments. There are many websites today that allow students to pay complete strangers to do their assignments for them (Perelman, 128). Plagiarism was formerly simply referred to as copying. It was still as frowned upon as it is today, but the word plagiarism carries greater weight than the word ‘copying’. Many tertiary institutions punish students who engage in plagiarism; but this has not really dissuaded the practice. In fact, plagiarism appears to be on the rise. ‘Copying’ was not considered to be a serious issue before 1700 A.D. This is because prior to 1700 A.D., any written mate rial that was in existence was not considered to be the personal property of others, but as special messages of God. Therefore, any person who copied written texts was not considered to be trying to pass another’s work as his own, but just to be imitating the written work. In England, the first law against copying the works of others was passed in 1710 (Kantz, 83). This development is thought to have come about as a result of the developments of the printing press. The Protestant reformation also began to recognize the value of individual ownership. Although there was a lot of objection to the new law outlawing ‘copying’ another’s work, it would become more accepted in the 1890s. The word ‘plagiarism’ comes from the Latin term â€Å"plagiarus† which means â€Å"abductor† or â€Å"kidnapper†. Even though it is ethically wrong for a person to portray the ideas and concepts of others as his or her own, the laws concerning wha t constitutes plagiarism are hazy at best. For instance, one would be forced to say that in ghost writing, which is an accepted form of authorship in literary circles, the author that lends his or her name to the ghost writer is ethically wrong if plagiarism is strictly to be defined as taking credit for another’s work. Additionally, all movie stars who hire writers to write their acceptance speeches, or even politicians with writers in their payroll can also be said to be engaging in a form of plagiarism. This is because in reading their speeches, these celebrated people take credit for another person’s ideas and thoughts by passing these speeches as their own. Another kind of plagiarism that is not penalized in literary circles is â€Å"honorary authorship† where an overseer of a laboratory who hardly contributed at all to the research is mentioned in a research paper as a co-author. Another variety of plagiarism is in government circles where higher ranking o fficers use documents written for them by their subordinates and pass them off as their own. It is quite unreasonable to stress to students that plagiarism of any kind is wrong and will be penalized when here is a very different reality in the working world. The real world has a serious problem in overlooking different types of plagiarism while students are penalized even for insinuating ideas that their lecturers believe

Team Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Analysis - Essay Example Alexies is another flexible, charming, extraordinary caring and social lady. She ensures that everything required to make the team moving such as writing materials are provided. She is also able to change very first with situations, hence flexible and understanding. Dre is another excellent administrator who shows traits of a very dedicated and a curious thinker who is not able to resist an intellectual challenge. The then complements the team by reminding us always of the rules and regulations of the team that must be followed and ensures participation by every group member. Jawon is another charismatic and inspiring man who is able to mesmerize his listeners. He therefore help the team with inspiring quotes and related experiences to help us make informed decisions as we work together as a team. Sharon closes the list as a spontaneous energetic and a strategic thinker who always has a plan for everything. She therefore helps the team with its planning of activities in a logical man ner, which has been a milestone in enabling the team to achieve its some of its goals. On my side, I am also another smart, energetic and very perceptive person who always adds in the gap in the team to join all the ideas presented in order to make logical conclusions, hence making the team make steps towards completion of its tasks. After we were assigned team members, we went ahead to work with the team members as assigned as we believed in working with anybody as a team to uplift each other. We did not therefore add or drop any team members. The team therefore was not affected in anyway due to new members getting in it or other members being dropped. Some of the biggest challenges have been those concerning place and time to meet. Initially, after the members had been assigned to the team, we were faced with the challenge of finding the most appropriate place to meet. We wanted a quiet place with minimal

Gender Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Gender Discrimination Essay Gender discrimination is an important issue in the workplace in today’s world. Female employees are facing gender discrimination in the form of different dimensions. This discrimination is disturbing their performance. The main aim of this study is to see the effect of these gender discrimination dimensions which include glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the productivity of female employees with the mediating effect of job commitment and job satisfaction. The research is focused on the private education sector. The population frame is the female teachers in the private education institutes. A sample of 130 female teachers is collected for this study. The framework is developed for our study for checking the impact of glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the productivity of female employees. The hypotheses are developed and after the data analysis some of the hypothesis are rejected and some of the hypothesis are not rejected. The hypotheses that the glass ceiling, discrimination in facilities and salary gap has negative impact on employee productivity is accepted which made us to conclude that these discrimination has a big impact on employee productivity and ultimately organizational performance. This study will give some guidelines to the managers and policy makers in any organization that how to reduce these discriminations. Key words: Gender discrimination, Glass ceiling, Employee productivity, salary gap, discrimination in facilities, job satisfaction, job commitment, Paper type: Research Paper 1. Introduction 1.1 Significance/Rationales of study The study came up with the solutions to the problem of gender discrimination at work place. This study will help the people to be aware of this dominating problem of gender discrimination and its reasons. This study can also identify the positive and negative effects of discrimination on the world of business and personal lives of people. Gender discrimination is a wide phenomenon which is affecting every political, social and economic life. In this era where everyone think that there should be equal rights for men and women, there are some occurrences of people who are being discriminated because of their gender. It is not an issue, which one can easily tolerate or ignore. Gender discrimination is understood as the unequal treatment against people of either sex, but statistics shows that women are the one who are more discriminated just being a female (Lila Adhikari, 2008). Gender issues were first pointed out in 1950s, but it’s been highlighted in organization and management studies in between 1980s and 1990s. In this duration many studies on effect of gender discrimination on employees were conducted. One study shows that gender discrimination is inversely proportional to job commitment and satisfaction which means it reduces the employee’s productivity which ultimately affects the organizational productivity (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011). Many factors have been identified which are responsible for gender discrimination in work place, which are education, promotion, marriage and child bearing and environment. If we look in context of promotion, a wide practice used is glass ceiling, a process by which women are not promoted to high level of jobs (Bell, 2002). Last year report issued by a commission of glass ceiling that shows that there are only 7 to 9 percent of managers that are in senior positions are women at fortune 1000 (kom and catalyst, 2012). 81 % employers dislike to hire a female. 49 % not carefully planning their careers to benefit women and above of all a survey tells that only 1 percent CEOs or even less than 1 percent take it as first concern, the development of women (Mauricio, 2012). 1.2 Problem Statement HRM in any organization is related to staffing, motivating and maintaining the organization (Decenzo, 1998). 50 years ago, due to homogeneity of work force the HRM was very simple, but now-a-days the workforce is heterogeneous. Managing this heterogeneity required such a staff that can create an equitable environment so that no group has any kind of advantage or disadvantage on other group (Wayne, 1995). Heterogeneity in workplace gave birth to gender discrimination, which has become an intense situation in Pakistan and affecting the employee’s productivity (Qaiser Abbas, 2011). An employee perform difficult tasks for the survival and improvement of organization but gender discrimination reduces the employee’s satisfaction, commitment and enthusiasm and increases the stress level which ultimately affects the productivity of an employee (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011). These studies did not discuss that how dimensions of gender discrimination effect the productivity of employee. The dimensions of gender discrimination include discrimination in promotions, discrimination in salary and discrimination in facilities provided. So there is a need to explore the effect of different dimensions of gender discrimination on the productivity of employee. 1.3 Aim of the study This study investigates that how different dimensions of gender discrimination effect the employee productivity. It would be helpful for any organization in the process of policy making which will ultimately increase the productivity of an organization. 1.4 Research Objectives 1) To identify that whether gender discrimination has an effect on productivity of employees in private educational institutes. 2) To explore how the productivity of employees is affected by gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities provided in private educational institutes. 3) To examine the results of the survey. 4) To recommend some reformed measures to the policy makers for the future. 1.5 Research Questions 1) What is relation between the employee productivity and gender discrimination? 2) What is effect of gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities on the performance of an employee? 2. Literature Review This literature view is based on the evaluation of gender discrimination on employee’s productivity. The gender discrimination now exist most of the organization around the world. Gender discrimination may exist in different dimensions like discrimination in promotions, facilities and Salaries. In simple words gender discrimination can be defined as the unfair treatment or behavior based on gender. It is said to occur when an individual’s decision is based on gender. Gender discrimination was attempted to define by no law. If we look in the perspective of employment, it is giving more advantage to a particular group (Wayne, 1995). This thing results in the decreased productivity of employees. 2.1 Gender Discrimination in Global Perspective The first form of discrimination was found by the universal declaration of human rights (1948). Gender discrimination is now a social disease which is destroying the lives of women around the world. Sen (1991) shows us that if equal treatment and opportunities were given then there should be more 100 million females than are presently alive. Many steps were taken to eliminate the gender discrimination but none of them was proved to be effective. The Beijing conference that documented 12 most prominent areas of discrimination was a big step in eliminating the gender discrimination (UNFPA, 2005). It is proved from the studies that gender discrimination has an influence on the employee productivity. A study shows that if there is a proper policy of gender discrimination there will be a change in employee’s productivity (Naqi Abbas, 2010). 2.2 Glass Ceiling Women in workplace face a wide practice called glass ceiling. This is a practice in which women are ignored when making a promotion policy or promoting an employee. We can see that in every organization the executive posts are held by males. According to a study only 3 percent of the most paid executives are female and these posts are disproportionately held by men (Healy and Zukka, 2004). Women are mostly entrusted in small projects not the big one. They are being kept deprived from international assignment which is keeping away from their promotions. Nick (1991) had conducted the study on international careers of women. His study clearly shows that there is a glass ceiling effect. Women are not being encouraged to do new projects on new markets and they are being kept at junior manager positions. Gender discrimination is not directly related to productivity. The relation of employee productivity and gender discrimination is mediated by job satisfaction and job commitment. Employees who faces policies and practices of gender discrimination show less satisfaction with their job (Ensher et al, 2001). When individuals’ face gender discrimination in workplace they show a low level of job commitment so gender discrimination has a negative relation with job commitment and job satisfaction (Sharon Foley, 2005). Gender discrimination creates tension and reduces the satisfaction of people and it is the study of 139 Hispanic male and female (Sanchez, 1996). The productivity of a happy worker is higher than an unhappy worker (Rabins, 1999,). Employee satisfaction plays a vital role in its productivity and there is a significant relation of job satisfaction with employee productivity (Pushpakumari, 2008). Job satisfaction lead to organizational responsibility, mental health and finally employee productivity (Coomber, 2007). Another study shows us that the organizations who perceive greater gender discrimination report less satisfaction and commitment (Ellen A. Ensher, 2001). The hypotheses are given below: 1) Glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Glass ceiling is negatively related with employee productivity. 3) Job Satisfaction is positively related with employee productivity. 4) Job satisfaction mediates the relation between gender discrimination in promotions and employee productivity. 2.3 Discrimination in facilities In a workplace an employee is provided with many facilities which helps them to complete their task which include computers, air conditioners, assistant and transport facilities etc. If on a work place if such kind of facilities are provided to a male employee and not provided to a female employee of a same post. The female employee will start to think that the upper management don’t care about them which will increase their stress level and the satisfaction level of that employee cold be decreased which will affect the employee’s productivity. The hypotheses are given below: 1) Gender discrimination in facilities has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Gender discrimination in facilities is negatively related with job satisfaction. 3) Job Satisfaction mediates the relationship between gender discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. 2.4 Salary Gap Another dimension of discrimination is the Salary gap. Women usually get low pay then men in any job they are appointed. Ashraf and Ashraf (1993) study shows that there is a gap of 63.27 percent in salary in 1979, and in 1986 it decreases to 33.09 percent. This was the decline in every province. Discrimination is not the phenomenon of one or two countries, it exist in most of the developed countries like USA. A study showed that women dietitians in USA earn 45,258 dollars per year while men earn 50,250 dollars per year (Pollard, 2007). Managers at top level in organization mostly prefer their own interest rather than others. They think that superiors who have power on their careers will support them. According to Susan et al (1998) mostly top managers in any organization are the people who are more biased against females and these people save interest of their own. The study shows that job commitment is significant related with productivity, there exist high degree of correlation between commitment and productivity. Individuals that are highly committed proved to be more productive and have higher satisfaction and have no intention to leave the job rather than employee with low job commitment (Varsha, 2012). The hypotheses are given below: 1) Salary gap has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Salary gap is negatively related with job commitment 3) Job Commitment is positively related with employee productivity 4) Job Commitment mediates the relation between salary gap and employee productivity. 2.5 Gender discrimination in Pakistan Pakistan is also one of the countries where gender discrimination is seen in most of the organizations. We all know Pakistan is a male dominating society and women are being treated unfairly in every field of profession. Gender discrimination has spread its root from public organizations to private organizations. Women are being kept at low level jobs and they are not promoted to high posts due to biasness of top level managers and policy makers. A study by Ghizala Kazi (2011) shows us that no women in the public organizations are in the scale of 20 or more. There are very few women above scale 15. Most of the women are under 15th scale, which shows the situation of discrimination in Pakistan. Many factors for this situation were identified like education, promotion, environment, child bearing and discrimination. If such kinds of discrimination is eliminated than the productivity of these women employees could be increased. There are evidences that the promotion of gender equality leads to a better performance and improved economy of concerned society. The societies who have greater female employment opportunities are less corrupt and have better governance (Klasen, 2006). This is not the end of discriminations in Pakistan. A women employee is also discriminated in Salary, which is a basic right of an employee that he should get compensated according to his work and post. In Pakistan you will see men and women working on same job level but different pay. In the report of poverty in Pakistan it is clearly proved that majority of women are concentrated in low paid jobs with very few opportunity for moving upward (Shah et al, 2004). If we look in the export industries of Pakistan which is a backbone in measurement of economy of Pakistan we will see the similar situation of discrimination. The study of Siddique (2006) surveyed the industries of export that are in Karachi, Sialkot and Faisalabad. The results from this study confirms the gender discrimination and shows that men were getting 20 percent more than then women working at the same post. It was also concluded that adjustment policies and change in labor market has a negative impact on females. To have maximum output from women employee the organizational culture of discrimination should be changed. Organizational culture affects the performance of employee. Organizational environment and culture can make the workplace attractive and supportive for a female employee. Attitudes of peers and support from family are also very significant for the female employee (Irfan, 2009). Many studies have discussed the gender discrimination as a general term but there is need to explore the discrimination in different dimensions and how these dimensions affect the productivity of employees. Gender discrimination has three dimensions which include discrimination in promotions, salary and facilities provided. So this study will be based on exploring the effect of dimensions of gender discrimination on productivity of employees. 3. Conceptual framework In the literature review of this topic the framework has been defined which show the relationship between the variables. Correlation is basically run to analyze the relationship between two or more variable. It also measure that how two variables move in relation to each other. It measures the strength and direction of linear relationship between two variables with respect to each other. The sign of the value shows the direction that whether it is negative or positive. Positive sign shows that the variables are moving in same direction means if one variable is increasing the other variable is also increasing and negative sign shows that if one variable is increasing then other variable is decreasing. The magnitude shows the intensity between variable. If the value is between 0.1 and 0.5 then the variables are weakly correlated. If the value is between 0.5 and 0.7 then the variables are moderately correlated. If the value is between 0.7 and 0.99 then the variables are strongly correlated. The value 1 shows the perfect correlation between variables. Table 5 shows the intensity and the direction of any two variables. Highest value of correlation is 0.753 which is between gender discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling. So the correlation between discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling is positive and strongly correlated. The relationship between DF and EP, and DF and JS, and JC and SG is negative. So it means that if you have more salary gap than your commitment to job will be less but its value is less than any else two variables, so we can say that job commitment will be less but with very small value, and if you have more discrimination in facilities then your productivity will be less. The remaining variables have positive relation with each other. The relationship is significant at 1% which means there are 99% chances that the relationship between all two variables will remain the same if the sample is changes and sample size and population remains same as shown in the table given below. 5.7 Regression This research is to check the effect of gender discrimination dimensions which are glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the employee productivity. This research also includes two mediating variables job satisfaction and job commitment. Job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity and also discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. Job commitment is mediating between salary gap and employee productivity. For this 9 hypothesis were developed. For the purpose of checking the impact regression has been applied. The model has only one dependent variable so there will be one model of regression equation. There will be separate equation for mediating variable to check the mediating effect of variables between independent and dependent variable. In first model we run the regression equation between EP, GC, DF, SG, JC and Job satisfaction. 5.7.1 Regression Equation EP = 4.66 0.38GC 0.86DF 0.26SG + 0.017JC + 0.167JS The Above equation shows that if all the other variables remain unchanged or have value of zero then the productivity of employee remains at 14.66. It is the fixed value of employee productivity. The coefficient values tell the per unit change in the employee productivity so if we increase the value of GC, SG and DF then the value of employee productivity will decrease by 0.38, 0.86 and 0.26 respectively. If the value of job commitment increases by one then the value of employee productivity will increase by 0.017. The hypotheses of glass ceiling, discrimination in facilities and job satisfaction are accepted. If the value of job satisfaction is increased then the value of employee productivity will increase by 5.10 Kruskal Wallis Test The non-parametric test will be used that is kruskal-Wallis test. Whenever the assumption of levene test is not fulfilled the non-parametric test i.e. kruskal-Wallis test is used. So kruskal-Wallis test is applied to check the level of job commitment in the females who are earning less than 30,000 between 30,000 and 40,000 and more than 40,000. The table given below shows that the asymptotic value is greater than 0.05so test is insignificant. So there is no difference in the average of glass ceiling in all three populations. So we can conclude that there is no significant difference between the mean of all three population p = 0.509, with a mean rank of 73.45 for below 30,000, 65.20 for 30,000 to 40,000 and 73.00 for above 40,000. 6. Discussion This study is conducted to check the impact of gender discrimination on the productivity of employees. The study included three dimensions of gender discrimination that is discrimination in promotions, discrimination in facilities and discrimination in salary. With the help of previous studies it is found that all these discriminations have negative impact on employee productivity which is mention in literature view. The hypotheses were developed for this study. There are 12 hypotheses that are developed. First hypothesis is that glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked after entering the data into SPSS. He results show that glass ceiling does have negative impact on employee productivity. If women are not being promoted to higher job positions and if there is no such policies related to gender discrimination then the productivity of female employee decreases. Second hypothesis was that the glass ceiling is negatively related with job satisfaction. this hypothesis is checked through the correlation. The table 5 of correlation clearly shows that glass ceiling is negatively related with the job satisfaction and result is also significant so this hypothesis is supported. Third hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is positively related with the employee productivity. The table of correlation shows the positive relation between the two variables. So employee productivity increases as the job satisfactions continues to increase and if job satisfaction decreases the employee productivity also decreases. Fourth hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked through the mediation test which consists of four steps. This test did not support the hypothesis so this hypothesis is rejected. Fifth hypothesis is that the discrimination in facilities has negative impact on the employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by regression. Discrimination in facilities has the negative impact on the employee productivity and it is also significant. So this hypothesis is also supported. The sixth hypothesis is that discrimination in facilities is negatively related with the job satisfaction. This hypothesis is supported because the correlation between them is negative in the table 5. So the discrimination in facilities increases then the satisfaction with the job decreases. The next hypothesis is that the job satisfaction plays the mediating role between the discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. This hypothesis is also checked by the mediation test the result is shown in the table 8 which shows that this hypothesis is not supported. It means that job satisfaction is not mediating between discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. The eights hypothesis that was developed is that salary gap has negative impact on the employee productivity. The hypothesis is not supported as it is checked by regression test which is shown in the table 6. It has negative impact but it is not significant means that if gap is more in salary then employee productivity decreases but not significantly. The ninth hypothesis is that salary gap is negatively related with job commitment. The hypothesis is checked with the correlation which is shown in the table 5 of correlation which shows that the relation between these two variables is negative. So salary gap reduces the job commitment of female employees. The next hypothesis that is developed is that the job commitment is positively related with the employee productivity. The relation is checked with the correlation and hypothesis is supported because results show that there is positive relation between salary gap and job commitment and it is significant. It means more job commitment the more employee productivity. The next hypothesis is that job commitment mediated the relation between the salary gap and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by the mediation test and it is not supported. The results show that job commitment does not play a mediating role between salary gap and employee productivity. The t test is also applied to check that whether the level of variables is also applicable on the population. The results are shown in the table 9. This table shows that all the values of p are significant so the level is also the same as the population. The level of job commitment is also checked in the three population related to different income groups that is below 30,000, 30,000-40,000 and more than 40,000. For this purpose the ANOVA is applied but for ANOVA the assumption of levene test should be fulfilled that is its value should be insignificant. The table 10 shows that levene test assumption is not fulfilled so the non-parametric test is used. The non-parametric test is the Kruskal-Willis test. This test is applied and the hypothesis is rejected as its asymptotic value is not significant. So it means that the there is no significant difference between the job commitment of females who are earning less than 30000, 30000-40000 and more than 40000. 7. Implication Through this study the impact of gender discrimination is checked on the employee productivity. The productivity of an employee is much important for an organization. So the management should consider the issue of gender discrimination as it is shown that the gender discrimination has negative impact on the employee productivity. As our sector for this research is the private education institutes which are very important sector for a developing countries so the management should consider reforming its policies. The management should make transparent, merit based recruitment and selection, it should also provide the training for better performance of female employee so that they can be promoted, they could be provided similarly facilities and different incentive so that they compete economically with the men as all these discriminations are effecting their productivity. 8. Limitation This study was only focused to the three dimensions of gender discrimination and employee productivity is the only variable that is measured that effect the productivity of organization. This research was only examining the education sector and the data was collected only from private institutions. The data was also 140 and it was collected only from the schools that are in the city area the educations institutes in the village was not collected so therefore the ability of generalizability of our findings were restricted and this can lead us to the biasness of respondents (Paul et al., 2003). 9. Conclusion This study provided an insight that how the dimensions of gender discrimination affect the productivity of employee. The data has been collected from different private education institutes through questionnaire. After the analysis that we have done on SPSS we can conclude that gender discrimination has a negative impact on the employee productivity which ultimately affect the performance of employee. The result of impact of salary gap on the employee productivity is not significant. So if the organizations want to perform well then they should keep the gender discrimination out of their organizations in order to make their female employees perform well which will be beneficial for the organization. 10. References Channar, Z. A. (2011). Gender Discrimination in Workforce and its Impact. Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci, Vol. 5, pp. 177-191. Dixit, V. (2012). A Study about Employee Commitment and its impact. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 34-51. Abbas, S. M. (2010). Gender Based Wage Discrimination and Its Impact on Performance of Blue Collar Workers: Evidence. KASBIT Business Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 45-63. Hiau, Joo. Kee. (2008) Glass ceiling or sticky floor exploring the Australian gender pay gap. The Economic Record, Vol. 82, No.59, pp. 408-427. Foley, S. (2005). Perceptions of Discrimination and Justice: Are there Gender Differences in Outcomes? Group Organization Management, Vol. 30, pp. 421-452. Ashraf, J, and B. Ashraf (1993) Estimating the Gender Wage Gap in Rawalpindi City. Journal of Development Studies 29:2. Ensher, E. A., Grant-Vallone, E. J., Donalson, S. I. (2001). Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances. Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 12, pp. 53-72. Prudence Pollard, Maxine Taylor and Noba Daher, Health Care Manager; Jan-Mar2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p52-63, 12p, 4 charts Ensher, E. A. (2011). Effects of Perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and grievances. Human resource development quarterly, Vol. 1. Coomber B, Barriball KL. 2007†Impact of job satisfactions on intent to leave and turnover for hospital based nurses: a review of the research literature†, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 44, pp. 297-314. Joanne Healy and Zucca J. Linda Mid-American Journal of Business; Spring2004, Vol. 19 Issue 1, pp. 55-62. Sen, Amartya, 1999, Assessing Human Development Special Contribution Human Development Report 1999 (New York: UNDP). Shah, Parveen. Memon, Rajab. A. (2004). Socio-economic and demographic status of rural women in Sindh. Proceedings of the international conference on social sciences: endangered and engendered, Fatima Jinnah women university, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, pp. 98-113. Nick, Foster. (1999) another ‘glass ceiling’? The experiences of women professionals and managers on international assignments, Gender, Work and Organization, Blackwell publisher’s ltd., Vol. 6, no. 2, pp.79-89. United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA), 2004, Programme of Action: Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 1994 Wayne, F. Casico, (1995) Managing Human Resource, Productivity, Quality of work life, Profits, McGraw hill Internationals, 4th ed. pp. 61-116. Susan, Trentham. Laurie, Larwood, (1998) Gender discrimination and the workplace: an examination of rational bias theory, Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, Jan, 1998, pp. 1-22. Sanchez, J. I., Brock, P. (1996). Outcomes of perceived discrimination among Hispanic employees: Is diversity management a luxury or a necessity? Academy of Management Journal, 39 (3), 704–719. 11. Appendices Questionnaire We are students of B.sc (Hons) Accounting Finance, currently doing a research project on gender discrimination and its Impact on employee’s performance for which the questionnaire is being distributed to collect empirical data. Therefore you are kindly requested to fill this questionnaire. The information will be kept confidential and will be used for only academic Purpose it will take 15-20 min to complete the data. Thank you in anticipation (Strongly Disagree = 1, Strongly Agree = 5) Employee Productivity